Explanation: Periodic trends indicate that atomic radius increases up a group and from left to right across a period. To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. When an electron is added to a neutral atom, … Discuss why Chlorine has a much greater first ionization energy than Magnesium.

Ionic radii follow the same vertical trend as atomic radii; that is, for ions with the same charge, the ionic radius increases going down a column. Discuss why the atomic radius of Potassium is larger than the atomic radius of Argon. Discuss why the atomic radius of Sulfur is smaller than the atomic radius of Aluminum. Sulfur is mentioned 15 times in the Bible, and was best known for destroying Sodom and Gomorrah. Sulfur was mined near Mount Etna in Sicily and used for bleaching cloth and preserving wine, both of which involved burning it to form sulfur dioxide, and allowing this to be absorbed by wet clothes or the grape juice. S + e – → S – – ∆H = Affinity = 200 kJ/mol. Data taken from John Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition.Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Atomic radii reported in units of picometers (pm). Discuss why Sodium has a much lower first ionization energy than Neon. An atom of Sulfur in the gas phase, for example, gives off energy when it gains an electron to form an ion of Sulfur. It was also known to the ancient Greeks, and burnt as a fumigant. Technical data for Sulfur Click any property name to see plots of that property for all the elements. Therefore, oxygen has a smaller atomic radius sulfur. The reason is the same as for atomic radii: shielding by filled inner shells produces little change in the effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electrons. Again, principal shells with larger values of A nonmetal has a smaller ionic radius compared with a metal of the same period.

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