Among them, [Caprolactam]pTSO was the best one probably because of its better affinity to aromatics than the others. A procedure of precipitation of crystalline p-nitrochlorobenzene from the reaction mixture without additional purification was proposed. nucleophilic … A. the product is The rate of homogeneous nitration of chlorobenzene with 70-90% nitric acid is proportional to the chlorobenzene concentration and activity of nitric acid. According to wikipedia, chlorobenzene is nitrated on an industrial scale to form a mixture of 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 4-nitrochlorobenzene. Nitronium is a strong electrophile, therefore chlorobenzene acts as an nucleophile to attack the nitrocation on the nitronium. This fact suggests that the nitration occurs in the bulk of the acid phase and the rate-determining stage of the process is the reaction of chlorobenzene with nitric acid. Aromatic nitration is a kind of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The results demonstrated that the introduction of molecular oxygen remarkably enhanced the chlorobenzene conversion and the cooperation catalysis of Hβ zeolite and … Two phase nitration of chlorobenzene P. R. COX and A. N. STRACHAN Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, England (First received 27 July 1970; in revised form 16 November 1970) Abstract-The rate of nitration of chlorobenzene in 70-2 per cent sulphuric acid has been determined in the two phase system and also in each phase separately. (The remaining 1 % is the meta product.) 3. As seen from Table 1, the use of a 1.532-fold molar excess of nitric acid does not ensure complete … Its rate depends on how electron-rich the ring is; more electron-rich rings react faster. william h. brown christopher s. foote brent l. iverson. Related; More by user; Natural Chemistry - Organic chemistry. As a whole 1- chloro-2-nitrobenzene is suspected of being genotoxic, at least a weak clastogen. Since chloro is an electron-withdrawing substituent, chlorobenzene is less electron-rich than benzene. … Following inhalative exposure of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice for 13 … (Nucleophilic aromatic substitution, by the way, is the opposite; electron-poor rings are the most activated toward such reactions.) HNO3 + + H2SO4 30% 1% 69%. They showed good catalytic activity in the nitration of toluene and chlorobenzene with HNO3/Ac2O under mild conditions. Cl Cl Cl Cl NO2 NO2 NO2 Nitration of Chlorobenzene The rate of nitration of chlorobenzene is about 30 times slower than that of benzene. Therefore, in the subsequent experiments the mixture was stirred at a rate of 400 rpm.

Based on the available studies, which have methodological deficiencies, there is a concern for a carcinogenic potential of 1-chloro-2- nitrobenzene. The experimental results are listed in Table 1. The existence of linear correlations between the rate constants k2ap and the acidity function -H and between logk*2apvalues (calculated using NO2+concentration) and the acidity function -(HR + logaH2O) indicates that the nitrating species is … In this work, we developed a low-temperature and efficient approach for the highly selective preparation of valuable p-nitrochlorobenzene from the liquid-phase catalytic nitration of chlorobenzene with NO 2 in O 2-Ac 2 O-Hβ composite system.

Chlorine atom is one of the halide atoms that direct substituent to … 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene induced tumors in different organs of rats and in the liver of mice. CH3 42 42 2.5 2.5 58 Nitration of Toluene vs. Chlorobenzene Cl 0.029 0.029 0.009 0.009 0.137. Nitration of chlorobenzene gives 35% ortho and 64% para products. As described above NH 2 is an activating group which speeds up the reaction and NO 2 is deactivating group that slows down the reaction.

The nitration of aniline is going to be faster than the nitration of nitrobenzene, since the aniline is a ring with NH 2 substituent and nitrobenzene is a ring with NO 2 substiuent.

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