A good example is the dipole moment of the water molecule. The dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the distance between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms by the difference in their charge. The size of a dipole is measured by its dipole moment (\(\mu\)). Even though the total charge on a molecule is zero, the nature of chemical bonds is such that the positive and negative charges do not completely overlap in most molecules. Dip ole moment is measured in Debye units, which is equal to the distance between the charges multiplied by the charge (1 Debye eq uals \(3.34 \times 10^{-30}\; C\, m\)). This enhancement results from the large polarization caused by the electric field induced by surrounding monomers. The average dipole moment of a water molecule in the condensed phase is enhanced by around 40 percent relative to that of an isolated monomer. Such molecules are said to be polar because they possess a permanent dipole moment. m. The dipole moment is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The angle formed by a water molecule is known to be 104.5° and the bond moment … Dipole moments occur when there is a separation of charge. Molecular Dipole Moments. Then, the angle between the atoms is used to find the net dipole moment. A quantitative molecular description of this polarization is essential for modeling aqueous solvation phenomena. Dipole Moment. When two electrical charges, of opposite sign and equal magnitude, are separated by a distance, an electric dipole is established. They can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent bond; dipole moments arise from differences in electronegativity.


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